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Thursday, October 25, 2018

Ambassadors of Light (Part 1 of 3)




by Efren Paredes, Jr.

"Our greatest natural resource and most valuable asset are truly our children." 
--Chief Justice Bernette Joshua Johnson, Louisiana Supreme Court--

Day One

October 5-6, 2018 twenty-two prisoners participated in the "One Day With God" camp held at the Oaks Correctional Facility in Manistee, Michigan. The camp is hosted by trained volunteers of Forgiven Ministry, a North Carolina-based faith-based organization founded by Scottie Barnes.

Forgiven Ministry currently hosts the camp at prisons in seven different states. During camps incarcerated parents and their children are guided through a series of structured activities by trained Christian mentors involving a combination of teaching family values, relationship-building, and fun. A great deal of time, preparation, and resources are invested into making each camp possible.

Proponents of accountability and positive inner change, Forgiven Ministry believes this formula can reduce recidivism, help break the destructive cycle of crime, and prevent the waste of human capital. They also hope to help diminish the burden that offenders incur on society. In 2015 the camp received national attention when "ABC Nightline" featured a story about one of the camps held at a prison in Muskegon, Michigan.

Criteria for incarcerated fathers of children to participate in the "One Day With God" camp are strict. The opportunity is only afforded to prisoners who are free of serious misconduct reports for over a year and who also meet several other conditions. Because the prison is responsible for the safety of each child who enters the facility the Warden's office carefully screens the institutional 
file of every camp applicant before approving him.

The "One Day With God" camp is a two-day event. The first day the incarcerated fathers participate in an eight-and-a-half hour spiritually-based program designed to teach them valuable lessons and values about fatherhood which include integrity, love, and leadership. Each prisoner is assigned a mentor to 
guide him throughout the day.

The camp is held in the prison gymnasium which is located in the educational building. Day one of the camp half the gymnasium was used by volunteers to make presentations to prisoners replete with microphones, a large sound system, laptop, digital projector, and projection screen. The other end of the gymnasium was used to store food, drinks, and other items used during the camp.

Tables were set up to seat two prisoners and two volunteer mentors. The mentors were seated on the end of each table and prisoners were seated between them. On the table in front of each prisoner was a small stack of faith-based books, a boxed tube of Aim 
toothpaste, two bars of Dial soap, a pack of Skittles, and a blue pen.

The mentors seated at my table that day were Bernice and Jack. They were both very kind people who assisted the other prisoner seated at my table named De'Von and me throughout the day. They even provided us with food, snacks, and drinks from the other end of the gymnasium when we requested something to eat or drink. They did this so we could remain focused on the presentations as much as possible, and to model the value of service to others.

The day began with an introduction to the camp, prayer, and program volunteers offering the prisoners a breakfast provided by Forgiven Ministry consisting of an assortment of bagels, danishes, granola bars, and orange juice. The meal was followed by presentations from various speakers who taught from the book "Godly Dads" by Jeff Rudd. They also offered testimony about the power of God and forgiveness.

Among the messages presenters shared with us were that fatherhood is an awesome opportunity to teach, to love, to nurture and to grow. They also impressed upon us the importance of understanding that to raise children of integrity fathers must become men of integrity.

According to Depaul University Professor Susan Bandes, "Each individual is situated in her own experience. In 
order to interpret and understand that experience, each individual must filter it through the lens of her own point of view. Who we are determines what we notice, what seems important, how we react to it, what connections we draw, and what meaning we attach to things."

This is all the more reason that nurturing integrity is so important in our lives if we wish to be conduits to convey edifying lessons to our children. Our values are not static. They are formed and continually refined by our experiences and the choices we make in our lives. Just as we are a product of our collective experiences, so too are the people we influence with our words and the behavior we model.

We heard about the need for fathers to convey their love for their children and that love is the centerpiece in our relationship with our children. A list of ten evidence-based ways that fathers impact their children was also indexed, as well as spiritual characteristics of love and how to exercise them.

There were also lessons about leadership and leading our children by example. We heard about the value of modeling service to our children, developing our children's God-given gifts, and providing our children with knowledge or skills about relationships, life skills, and and academic skills.
After eating a lunch provided by the volunteers the incarcerated fathers were each given a plain wooden picture frame by volunteers to decorate and present to our child(ren) the following day. We were able to choose from various embellishments including an assortment of stickers, glitter hearts, and shiny small plastic stones to decorate our frame however we wanted.

I carefully selected my daughter's favorite colored stones, cartoon characters, hearts, and stickers that resembled her dogs and cats. I also traded stickers with other fathers who had stickers I wanted to use if they didn't use them. I went to different tables looking at any stickers that weren't being used to see if I could discover some I could use. That effort paid off. I managed to locate some I knew she would like, including the letter of her first name, some emojis, and characters from the animated movie "Frozen."

We were also given a green backpack with a large "One Day With God" logo on it and allowed to choose five age appropriate gifts from an array of items for our child(ren) to place inside the backpack to give them the following day. One of the mentors told me her 8-year-old daughter helped her pick the gift options for the gifts in my daughter's age range and said, "I know whoever receives these things will like them."

From among the wonderful gifts available I selected a kit my daughter could use to 
create Max the dog from the movie "The Secret Life of Pets," a Trolls bath bomb, stickers, a 3-D coloring book of dogs and cats, and a bucket of sidewalk chalk in assorted colors. My daughter has two Chihuahua dogs and two cats as pets at home so I knew she would like my choices. She also likes the "Trolls" movie characters and bath bombs so that would be a good choice as well.

That afternoon we also heard a presentation by Lorraine Whoberry, author of, "Heal My Wounds, Leave My Scars: A Mother's Story of Loss, Despair, and Her Journey Back to Hope." She is also a victim advocate, executive director of the S.T.A.C.I.E. Foundation, and committee member for the Department of Youth Services, Interstate Compact for Juveniles State Council.

Lorraine shared her heart-wrenching story about being the mother and survivor of two teenage daughters who were viciously attacked in 1999 by a 20-year-old male in Virginia. One of her daughters was murdered in the attack and the other miraculously survived potentially life-ending wounds to multiple areas of her body.

After several years of grappling with immense pain, despair, and intense anger toward her daughter's killer she turned her life and struggles over to God and began the process of healing. She also found freedom from the bondage of unforgiveness by learning to forgive herself and ultimately the offender who committed the violent crime against her family.

It wasn't an endorsement of the injury the offender caused but rather an act of mercy and self-empowerment. It allowed Lorraine to reclaim her life and migrate from a position of strength from victim to survivor. She also discovered that forgiveness is a moral virtue that we exercise in alignment with the teachings of Jesus who stated:

"If you forgive men their trespasses, your Heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses." (Holy Bible, Matthew 6:14-15)

According to Lorraine, "We have the power to heal. When we give in to defeat we give power to darkness. Forgiveness is a process. It's also a choice. Unforgiveness is bondage. Forgiveness is freedom." Her message reflected the adage that bitterness does more damage to the vessel in which it is stored than to the vessel on which it is poured.

Today Lorraine travels the country bravely sharing her story of perseverance, faith, and healing as an impact speaker. She and her daughter Kristie have been featured on television programs like "America's Most Wanted," "The Montel Williams Show," "I Survived," and "Discovery Health." Lorraine has also appeared on various radio talk shows and been the keynote speaker at conferences across the nation.

Her riveting testimony was a profound lesson in forgiveness that evoked tears and touched the heart of every person in the room, myself included. Lorraine's willingness to 
continue speaking to an audience of prisoners and teaching them about forgiveness despite the painful psychological and emotional scars her family has suffered was powerful and compelling.

After Lorraine's presentation we watched a movie titled, "I Can Only Imagine." The film was based on the true story about an aspiring music artist who grew up in a troubled home with an abusive father. He moves away from home and returns later to discover his father has changed after 
giving his life to God.

The son forgives his father and they begin to rebuild their lives together. The father later dies from an illness and the son continues pursuing his dream as a musician. After a number of struggles he goes on to become a multiplatinum selling gospel music artist. The movie was another example about the transformative power of forgiveness and redemption.

After the conclusion of the film camp volunteers recapped the day with the incarcerated fathers and discussed what the following day would be like when their child(ren). We were told they would be brought into the prison gymnasium each accompanied by two Forgiven Ministry mentors and they described the wide range of activities we would be participating in together.

We were also given an assignment to write a one-page letter to our child(ren) telling them how much we love them, how proud we are of them, how wonderful they are, and how glad we are they are our child. That night I spent two hours composing the best letter I could write my daughter that she would be proud of and able to 
read on her own.

I wanted my letter to be special and something my daughter would keep and always cherish. In 
order to accomplish this my words had to be selective, impactful, and enduring. After composing a few iterations of the letter I managed to distill everything I wanted to say down to a single typed page and finally settled on the final version. I was now ready to present it to her the following day.

Before laying down for the night I also ironed the clothing I would be wearing the following day. I hand-washed the clothes the previous evening along with the white athletic 
shoes I would be wearing so they would be clean. It would be the first time my daughter saw me wearing athletic shoes because prisoners must wear state-issued black oxford shoes during visits.

(Efren Paredes, Jr. is a Michigan prisoner and subject of a new multi-channel documentary film installation, "Half Truths and Full Lies." He is also a blogger, social justice activist, and youth advocate. You can learn more about Efren by visiting www.fb.com/Free.Efren and
www.tinyurl.com/Efren1016
.)


Friday, September 14, 2018

"Half Truths and Full Lies" (work in progress), 2018: Multichannel Film Installation About Efren Paredes, Jr.



A collaboration film project between nonfiction filmmakers Tirtza Even and Meg McLagan and multimedia producer Elyse Blennerhassett.

The installation is part of the Faculty Projects Exhibition, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

Reception: Friday, September 28, 2018 at 6 pm - 9 pm

SAIC Sullivan Galleries
33 S. State, 7th Floor
Chicago, Illinois 60603

Exhibition on view September 14 - October 13

Free and open to the public, Tuesday - Saturday 11 am - 6 pm

"Half Truths and Full Lies" depicts, through documentation and reenactment, the case of Efren Paredes, Jr., a Latinx male from St. Joseph, Michigan, who was arrested at age 15 and sentenced to life without parole in 1989 for a murder he asserts he did not commit.

It is the first iteration of the film that will be available for the public to view the novelty of its story representation. The following is a link to the Facebook event page which contains additional information about the film and photographs of the installation: https://www.facebook.com/events/2335347260027371/.

The multi-channel film installation takes on a Rashomon-like quality, as divergent accounts of the crime accrue, forming multiple portraits of Efren. These accounts reflect perspectives of a range of individuals, from a police detective to key witnesses from the tight-knit small town community who singled Efren out, as well as those whose lives -- over the past 30 years -- have been affected by the teen's conviction: family members, teachers, and citizens who sat in judgment as jury members.

"Half Truths and Full Lies" tells a story about a story; one constructed by a group of teens who appear to have conspired to set up their peer, and whose narrative played on stereotypical assumptions about racial minorities and upon which the local police and prosecutor relied. This account became the only one the public, and the jury, got to hear.

The installation, however, is also a story about a handful of alternative, untold stories, and at their center -- Efren's story of innocence. The project thus attempts to recuperate conflicting narrative possibilities, and to investigate the nature of truth-telling in both media and the law.

While the film conveys the story about the Efren's case it also intersects with stories about the man he is today and the injustice of sentencing people to die in prison for crimes they were convicted of when they were juveniles. Michigan ranks second in the nation as the state with the highest number of juveniles to receive the sentence.

Efren, who is scheduled to be resentenced in the Berrien County Trial Court during the Spring of 2019, has garnered support for his release from a number of people including a world renowned wrongful convictions expert, a former juror at his trial, current and former employees of the Michigan Department of Corrections, legal scholars, community leaders, human rights groups, clergy, and others across the nation. Information about Efren's accomplishments is available at www.tinyurl.com/EfrenCV2016.

Cinematography and editing assistance: Yoni Goldstein
Additional camera: Steve Maing and Gonzalo Escobar

For additional film information contact The Injustice Must End (TIME) Committee to Free Efren Paredes, Jr. at EfrenUncaged@gmail.com.
_______________________________________
"Rashomon": The name of a Japanese film produced by Akira Kurosawa in which four witnesses to a crime describe the event in contrasting (and contradictory) ways.

Wednesday, May 16, 2018

MDOC Librarian Cites "Custody and Security Concerns" to Deny Library Access



by Efren Paredes, Jr.

The afternoon of 5/15/18 I was conducting legal research in the law library at the Oaks Correctional Facility (ECF). A short time after my arrival Librarian Leah Berean called me to a law clerk desk as she stood behind it. When I approached the desk she proceeded to tell me she was denying the request for additional legal research time I submitted the previous day. She remarked in a rude and condescending manner, "You were already given an additional two-hour session each week. It's my discretion and you're not getting any more time!"

When I asked if she could provide her decision to me in writing so I could file a grievance in response to her denial she became irate and snarled, "No, you can write it down if you want to!" She then walked away from the desk and returned to her office, offering me no explanation for her decision. Approximately 25 minutes later Berean returned to the law clerk desk bringing along with her my request for additional time which now included a handwritten response she signed. Her response read in relevant part, "Due to custody and security concerns this is the only amount of additional time the library can give you."

OP ECF 05.03.115 "Use of Law Library by General Population Prisoners," authorizes librarians to grant additional time to prisoners to conduct legal research who are within 60 days of a verified court deadline. I provided a court order to the librarian verifying that I have a pending court hearing scheduled within that timeframe.

The policy also states, "The Department of Corrections recognizes the constitutional right to access to the courts. Therefore, the Oaks Correctional Facility shall not prohibit, restrict or deny prisoners in the general population access to the main law library wherein prisoners can use an Electronic Law Library (ELL) and other legal research documents for legal research purposes related to challenging a prisoner's conviction or conditions of confinement."

In my request for additional research time I stated that a great deal of my legal research involves reading dozens of peer-reviewed law journal articles regarding adolescent development, fMRI brain imaging studies, and other mitigating factors related to my upcoming resentencing hearing. There are hundreds of these articles I need to review in a short span of time which is an impossible undertaking given the time I am currently authorized to conduct legal research in the law library. I pointed out that I have paid to have several of the peer-reviewed journal articles photocopied so I can read them in my cell but cannot afford to have them all reproduced.

This was the reason I was requesting additional legal research time. Though I was authorized to receive two additional hours a week it will be insufficient to conduct all the necessary research before my next scheduled court hearing. The articles I need to research frequently exceed 30 pages in length (sometimes up to 70 pages) and I am often unable to read an entire article during a single two-hour law library session and take the necessary handwritten notes which itself is a time-consuming task. I even offered to provide her evidence of the many pages of notes I have already taken from the articles I read each week.

I am currently being limited to six hours of legal research per week to prepare for arguably the most important court hearing of my life. My request for additional legal research time was for two additional hours during regularly scheduled hours on the weekend which would not have prevented other prisoners from using any of the available computers. The law library has 15 computers available for prisoners to conduct legal research with which provide access to LexisNexis, a legal research portal. Less than a third of the computers are used at any given time when Level II prisoners are permitted to use them.

The notion that allowing a prisoner to use one of the idle computers for legal research triggers a "custody and security concern" is delusional and absurd. More than double the number of Level IV custody prisoners use the law library computers than the number of Level II lower custody prisoners for legal research each day during their scheduled time and it is not deemed a "custody and security concern" by custody staff or the Warden. Since Berean's reasoning for her denial is obviously false and baseless it begs the question: what was her true motive?

Later that day after speaking to Berean I showed two custody staff members her response to my request for additional legal research time. When I asked the staff members if they felt my request was a "custody and security concern" they shook their heads and laughed. One replied, "No. What does she know about custody and security, she just started working here. Plus, people hardly even use the law library and there are always computers open to use." The other responded, "She sounds ridiculous. When a prisoner is doing legal research and trying to go home at least he's doing something constructive and isn't on the yard bothering anyone or getting into trouble. You should write a grievance."

Berean's distorted reasoning for denying my request to be granted additional legal research time is arbitrary and a clear abuse of authority. It is divorced from reality, illogical, and provides a snapshot into what she thinks about prisoners using the law library to conduct legal research. It also demonstrates she may be ill-equipped with the temperament, social skills, or decision-making capacity to properly fulfill her job duties. Even other staff members agreed that her decision to deny me additional research time was irrational.

Her actions stain the image of the Michigan Department of Corrections (MDOC) and interfere with prisoners' rehabilitation. When MDOC staff members subvert policy and devalue prisoners' lives they send a chilling message that their future is devoid of meaning. There is little wonder why prisoners often return to society frustrated, demoralized, and battling anxiety having been forced to endure the exhausting experience of repeated instances of staff engaging in microaggressions and abusing their power.

Since his recent arrival at ECF Warden Lester Parish has laudably begun transforming the culture of the prison from its shameful past of mismanagement and hostility toward the prisoners in its care to a culture that promotes the MDOC's vision and values policy. Staff members like Berean threaten to destabilize this progress. Her actions are evidence of a belief that prisons should be monuments to punishment and exclusion which contravene the Warden's proactive efforts.

This episode is only one among the many examples of unfortunate challenges prisoners are forced to deal with as they navigate the minefield of staff abusing their power in prison daily life. Fabricating unreasonable excuses to obstruct a prisoner's access to the courts rises to the level of a civil rights violation. Sadly it is not the first time a prisoner has been compelled to challenge similar injustices in federal courts. There is a long history of prisoners litigating against MDOC staff members for their refusal to recognize fundamental constitutional rights.

In a civil suit recently filed by a prisoner challenging a violation of his constitutional rights by an MDOC employee a federal judge ruled that MDOC staff members are not impervious to civil litigation because they simply claim immunity. The court added that staff members are not able to enrobe themselves in an absolute shield against legal action brought against them for violating constitutionally protected conduct.

Unfortunately it is taxpayers who keep bearing the burden of paying the costs associated with litigation resulting from the obstinate behavior of prison staff members who are allowed to engage in unconstitutional behavior. The moment taxpayers refuse to continue paying for their misdeeds it will change their behavior. When state employees begin paying their own legal fees to defend themselves for offending protected constitutional rights they will become less impetuous to entertain their darker impulses. It is a prospect taxpayers should consider exploring.

(Efren Paredes, Jr. is a Michigan prisoner, social justice activist, and blogger who is a frequent guest on the "Elena Herrada Show" on Detroit Superstation AM 910. You can learn more about Efren at www.4Efren.blogspot.com and www.fb.com/Free.Efren.)

Tuesday, May 8, 2018

Wyo. Court Looks to Mich. for Guidance on Juvenile Lifers


by Necalli Ollin

The Wyoming Supreme Court recently handed down an important ruling in the case of Davis v. Wyoming regarding prisoners who received life without parole (LWOP) sentences when they were juveniles ("juvenile lifers"). In its ruling the court detailed how thorough mitigation hearings should become moving forward. They also strongly urged sentencing courts not to repeat the mistakes of the past by arbitrarily meting out LWOP sentences against youthful offenders.

The court referenced the 2016 Michigan Court of Appeals ruling in People v. Hyatt, 316 Mich. App. 368, seven times to support the reasoning for their decision. This is significant because dozens of Michigan juvenile lifers have been awaiting a decision by the Michigan Supreme Court so they can be resentenced. The court will rule whether a judge or jury decides the sentencing fate of juvenile lifers. To date only about 115 of Michigan's 363 juvenile lifers have been resentenced to term-of-year sentences ranging from 25- to 40-year minimums. The other remaining 247 cases await resentencing.

In a 2012 landmark ruling the U.S. Supreme Court remarked in the case of Miller v. Alabama, 132 S. Ct. 2455 (2012), that mandatory LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders are unconstitutional. The high court ordered all the affected 2,500 cases across the nation to be resentenced and made it abundantly clear that instances of juveniles receiving LWOP must become "rare" and "uncommon," and only reserved for prisoners who are incapable of change the remainder of their lives. It is an enterprise the Wyoming Supreme Court recently stated "is difficult, if not impossible" to determine.

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, "Deciding that a juvenile offender will forever be a danger to society would require making a judgment that [he] is incorrigible -- but incorrigibility is inconsistent with youth and for the same reason, rehabilitation could not justify that sentence. Life without parole foreswears the rehabilitative ideal. It reflects an irrevocable judgment about [an offender's] value and place in society, at odds with a child's capacity for change." (Miller, 132 S. Ct. at 2465)

Several Michigan prosecutors have rejected the stern rebuke by the high court replacing the court's ruling with their own narrow, myopic, and misguided views. They have also politicized and stalled resentencing hearings for the remaining 240 juvenile cases awaiting hearings since 2012 by pursuing unwarranted LWOP sentences against them. This makes the Michigan Supreme Court's forthcoming ruling about juvenile lifers all the more important.

One instance of a juvenile lifer awaiting a resentencing hearing who is not deserving of a LWOP sentence is Efren Paredes, Jr., a 45-year-old Latino who has been incarcerated since age 15. He was convicted for the 1989 murder and robbery of a grocery store manager in St. Joseph, Michigan, and sentenced to LWOP. He had no previous criminal record and was a high school honor student at the time of his arrest. Three of his co-defendants received considerable less time than he did. Two were released 13 years ago and one received a six-month sentence. All three co-defendants were older than Paredes at the time.
                                                                                                

A review of Paredes' life during his incarceration reveals a catalog of impressive accomplishments and dozens of examples of his capacity for change. He helped lead a successful campaign to create an indigenous charter middle school in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), has become a Literary Braille Transcriber certified by the U.S. Library of Congress, and a mentor to other prisoners and students outside of prison. He has also received letters of commendation from career Michigan Department of Corrections professionals about his positive attitude and leadership. In 2016 LATINA magazine named him one of four Latina/o prisoners in the nation deserving of clemency.

Though Paredes presents compelling evidence of a juvenile offender deserving a term-of-year sentence and the opportunity to become a productive member of society once again, the Berrien County Prosecutor's Office has pursued a LWOP sentence against him. His case is only one among the scores of egregious examples of injustice occurring in juvenile lifer cases across the state. Additional information about the Paredes case is available at www.fb.com/Free.Efren. An online petition expressing support for his release is also available at www.TinyURL.com/Efren1016.

There is little doubt that members of the court have seen repeated instances of clear and convincing evidence of how far Michigan prosecutors have strayed from U.S. Supreme Court rulings about the treatment of juvenile lifers over the past several years. Prosecutors have demonstrated their refusal to follow the rule of law even when it is unequivocal and absent ambiguity. The court now has a historic opportunity to end their abuse of authority and flagrant violations of the U.S. Constitution by abolishing LWOP for Michigan juvenile lifers altogether.

The trend of the nation continues to move in the direction of abandoning the pernicious practice of condemning children to die in prison. Currently less than half the states in the nation are imposing LWOP sentences on juveniles, and states are increasingly legislating an end to these deplorable sentences. Their actions are a symbol of the evolving standards of decency of a civilized society. It is a trend that is making its way to the doorstep of the U.S. Supreme Court and will eventually result in abolishment of the sentence altogether.
Allowing prosecutors to continue hijacking the resentencing process could result in potentially repeating the resentencing of hundreds of juvenile lifers at least two more times between now and the time the U.S. Supreme Court issues a total ban on juvenile LWOP sentences. It will also result in each case being appealed and creating unnecessary work for our appellate courts.

Since the 2012 U.S. Supreme Court ruling ending mandatory LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders the Michigan Court of Appeals has reversed every case in which a juvenile lifer has been resentenced to a LWOP sentence. This is the same outcome that will potentially unfold in hundreds more cases, creating a costly burden to taxpayers and wasting valuable judicial time and resources, if allowed to remain unchecked.

Rendering any ruling other than a total ban on LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders will be impotent to reign in the rogue actions of obstinate prosecutors. They have already demonstrated a blatant disregard to adhere to rulings of the highest court in the nation and a willingness to undermine them with impunity. It is a clear message to the Michigan Supreme Court that anything short of abolishing juvenile LWOP sentences will result in prosecutors impugning the integrity of the court and demonstrating contempt for their ruling as well.

The Michigan Supreme Court must boldly exercise its stewardship if it intends to prevent prosecutors from feeling they are above the law by continually using juvenile lifer resentencing hearings as a playground for political gamesmanship.

                                                                                                 * * * *

The following are excerpts from the recent Wyoming Supreme Court ruling in Davis v. Wyoming, 2018 WY 40 (Wyo. 2018):

"We recognize that the task of determining whether a juvenile is permanently incorrigible is difficult, if not impossible. The Roper Court remarked, '[i]t is difficult even for expert psychologists to differentiate between the juvenile offender whose crime reflects unfortunate yet transient immaturity, and the rare juvenile offender whose crime reflects irreparable corruption.' (Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. at 573, 125 S. Ct. at 1197 (2005) (citing Laurence Steinberg & Elizabeth Scott, "Less Guilty by Reason of Adolescence," 58 Am. Psychologist 1009, 1014-16 (2003)). 'If this determination is difficult for even trained psychologists, we would be remiss if we did not acknowledge our concerns about sentencing courts -- or reviewing courts for that matter -- accurately assessing, or in essence forecasting, whether an individual who committed a crime while still a minor is and will remain irreparably corrupt for the rest of his or her life and on the basis of that assessment accurately meting out a proportionate sentence.' (People v. Hyatt, 891 N.W.2d 549, 573-74 (Mich. App. 2016)), appeal denied, (People v. Williams, 888 N.W.2d 64 (Mich. 2016))." (Paragraph 35)

"The Supreme Court made clear that a sentencing court must determine that a juvenile is irreparably corrupt or permanently incorrigible prior to imposing a sentence of life without parole: 'Even if a court considers a child's age before sentencing him or her to a lifetime in prison, that sentence still violates the Eighth Amendment for a child whose crime reflects 'unfortunate yet transient immaturity.' (Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S. Ct. at 734 (2016) (quoting Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. at 479-80, 132 S. Ct. at 2469 (2012)) (quoting Roper, 543 U.S. at 573, 125 S. Ct. at 1197))." (Paragraph 38)

"A sentencing court must begin its analysis with the premise that in all but the rarest of circumstances, a life-without-parole (or the functional equivalent thereof) sentence will likely be disproportionate for the juvenile before it. (See Hyatt, 891 N.W.2d at 574) ('A sentencing court must operate under the understanding that life without parole is, more often than not, not just inappropriate, but a violation of the juvenile's constitutional rights.') ... '[T]he vast majority of adolescents change as they age." (Commonwealth v. Batts, 163 A.3d at 452 (Pa. 2017))." (Paragraph 44)

'[M]inimal risk is associated with an erroneous decision in favor of the juvenile: sentencing the juvenile to a term of years with the possibility of parole when that juvenile is one of the rare individuals incapable of rehabilitation would simply mean that, while eligible for parole, the unrehabilitated juvenile would likely never obtain release on parole and would spend the rest of his life in prison." (Paragraph 49)

"'To protect youthful offenders from erroneous decisions that foreclose their ability to ever be released from prison, the Supreme Court therefore held that a sentence of life without parole is disproportionate and illegal for a juvenile offender unless that defendant 'exhibits such irretrievable depravity that rehabilitation is impossible.' (Montgomery, 136 S. Ct. at 733 (citing Miller, 567 U.S. at 479-80, 132 S. Ct. 2455))[.]' Batts, 163 A.3d at 455 (emphasis in original)." (Paragraph 50)

"[S]ee also (State v. Seats, 865 N.W.2d at 557 (Iowa 2015)) ('We must be cognizant of the fact that a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole for a juvenile is the equivalent of the death penalty for juveniles.')" (Paragraph 68)

"Miller contains no suggestion that a seventeen-year-old is more deserving of adult punishment than a sixteen-year-old. Rather, Miller recognized that 'youth is more than a chronological fact' and is 'itself a relevant mitigating factor of great weight.' (Miller, 567 U.S. at 476, 132 S. Ct. at 2467 (citing Eddings v. Oklahoma, 455 U.S. 104, 115, 116, 102 S. Ct. 869, 877, 878, 71 L.Ed.2d 1 (1982))." (Paragraph 76)

"The nature of the crime alone will generally be insufficient to support a conclusion that a juvenile is irreparably depraved. ... '[T]he fact that a vile offense occurred is not enough, by itself, to warrant imposition of a life-without-parole sentence. The court must undertake a searching inquiry into the particular juvenile, as well as the particular offense, and make the admittedly difficult decision of determining whether this is the truly rare juvenile for whom life without parole is constitutionally proportionate as compared to the more common and constitutionally protected juvenile whose conduct was due to transient immaturity for the reasons addressed by our United States Supreme Court.' (Hyatt, 891 N.W.2d at 575); see also (Adams v. Alabama, 136 S. Ct. 1796, 1800, 195 L.Ed.2d 251 (2016) (Sotomayor, J., concurring, joined by Ginsburg, J.) (referring to the 'Court's repeated exhortation that the gruesomeness of a crime is not sufficient to demonstrate that a juvenile offender is beyond redemption')); (People v. Padilla 209 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 221 (Cal. App. 2016)). Miller recognized that none of the characteristics that distinguish a child from an adult are 'crime-specific.' (Miller, 567 U.S. at 473, 132 S. Ct. at 2465)." (Paragraph 79)

"The district court also failed to recognized that 'peer influence can play a more subtle role in adolescent behavior, as when teenagers engage in behavior that they think will win peer approval ... or simply encourage one another through group interaction.' (Elizabeth Scott et al., "Juvenile Sentencing Reform in a Constitutional Framework," 88 Temp. L. Rev. 675, 699 (2016))" (Paragraph 81)

"Most juveniles will outgrow the signature qualities of youth by the time their brain development is complete. (See Scott, supra, 88 Temp. L. Rev. at 700). Juveniles are more likely to change with available treatment. Id. at 701. And, the seriousness of their crime does not alter these propositions. Id. at 700." (Paragraph 91)

"A life-without-parole sentence 'means denial of hope; it means that good behavior and character improvement are immaterial; it means that whatever the future might hold in store for the mind and spirit of [the convict], he will remain in prison for the rest of his days.' (Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. at 70, 130 S. Ct. at 2027 (2010) (quoting Naovarath v. State, 779 P.2d 944, 945 (Nev. 1989))." (Paragraph 94)

"Miller and Montgomery 'make clear that sentencing a juvenile to life without parole is more than a simple consideration of a set of factors.' (Hyatt, 891 N.W.2d at 579). Montgomery establishes a stringent standard whereby a juvenile offender cannot be sentenced to life without parole unless the sentencing court determines, based upon its analysis of the Miller factors, that the juvenile is one of the truly rare individuals incapable of reform." (Paragraph 104)

"[T]he district court abused its discretion by failing to make a finding of permanent incorrigibility based upon its analysis of all the Miller factors. When the Miller factors are not properly considered and weighed and when there is no finding of permanent incorrigibility, or when a finding of permanent incorrigibility is not supported by the Miller factors, the resulting sentence violates the Eighth Amendment." (Paragraph 106)


Monday, April 16, 2018

Double Jeopardy Infects Dozens of Juvenile Lifer Cases




by Necalli Ollin

Across Michigan trial courts are approaching how they sentence juvenile lifers who are eligible for resentencing hearings in different ways. Two areas of particular concern is how they sentence those who were previously sentenced for two counts of first-degree murder for premeditated murder and felony murder for the death of a single victim, and those who were previously sentenced for felony murder and the underlying felony (e.g., armed robbery, larceny, etc.).

Some courts are resentencing people for both of the murder charges and allowing the underlying felony sentence to remain the same. Some are dismissing one of the murder charges and allowing the underlying felony sentence to remain the same. And, others are resentencing for one of the murder charges as well as resentencing for the underlying felony. 

Even judges from the same county are treating cases differently. The problem with all three scenarios is that they are all wrong.

The Michigan Court of Appeals ("MCOA") has ruled that sentences for both premeditated murder and felony murder which arise out of the death of a single victim, and sentences for both felony murder and the underlying felony (e.g., armed robbery, larceny, etc.), violate the double jeopardy protections of the United States and Michigan Constitution. They are plain-errors that seriously affected the fairness, integrity, and public reputation of judicial proceedings that resulted in incorrect judgments of sentence. According to the MCOA the proper remedy for these double jeopardy violations is for the trial court to do the following:

(1) Vacate the underlying felony which was used to elevate the murder charge to felony murder (e.g., armed robbery, larceny, etc.); and (2) Modify the judgment of conviction and sentence to specify that the person's conviction is for one count and one sentence of first-degree murder supported by two theories: premeditated murder and felony.

(People v. Gimotty, 216 Mich App 254, 259-260 (1996); and People v. Bigelow, 229 Mich App 218, 221-222 (1998) (special panel)). The following cases specifically apply to vacating armed robbery when it is the predicate felony to felony murder: People v. Jackson, 100 Mich App 146 (1980); People v. Harding, 443 Mich 693, 795 (1993); and People v. Carter, 1998 Mich App LEXIS 1698 (1998) (unpublished).

Rather than seek to be resentenced for underlying felony charges juvenile lifers being resentenced should only request resentencing for the felony murder charge and not the underlying felony. Instead of requesting resentencing for the underlying felony they should request that it be vacated because it is an unconstitutional sentence they should have never received from the onset according to the MCOA.

Trial courts cannot ignore unconstitutional double jeopardy sentences at resentencing hearings. Refusal to vacate the unlawful sentence will be viewed as an abuse of discretion resulting in reversible error if it becomes necessary for the MCOA to review the abdication of a sentencing court's responsibility. It would also result in additional court hearings, the wasteful use of time and resources, and unnecessary costs to taxpayers.

Over the past year approximately 100 juvenile lifers have been released and 45 have been safely paroled back to the community. They are being productive citizens, most are working, and none have violated the conditions of their parole. Their conduct reflects decades long established statistics that people originally sentenced to life without parole have a less than 1% rate of recidivating. The average term-of-year sentence they received when resentenced is 31 years in line with previous rulings made by the U.S. Supreme Court. 

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled six years ago that sentencing courts are required "to take into account how children are different, and how those differences counsel against irrevocably sentencing them to a lifetime in prison."
(Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460, 480 (2012)). The court went on state in a separate ruling two years ago that "the penological justifications for life without parole collapse in light of the distinctive attributes of youth" and that only persons who are "incapable of change" can be candidates for a life without parole sentence. (Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S Ct 718, 734 (2016)).

Two years ago the MCOA also stated that in sentencing a juvenile, a trial court must begin its analysis with the understanding that life without parole sentences are "unequivocally appropriate only in rare cases." They added, in implementing "stern rebuke of Miller [v. Alabama] and Montgomery [v. Louisiana], the sentencing court must operate under the notion that more likely than not, life without parole is not proportionate." (People v. Hyatt, 316 Mich App 368, 420 (2016)).

Over two-thirds of Michigan's juvenile lifers still await sentencing rehearings. Despite prosecutors' misguided efforts to seek life without parole sentences for the remaining juvenile lifers in defiance of the guidance provided by the U.S. Supreme Court sentencing courts will make the final determination what sentences are actually imposed. It is a very fluid situation right now but soon things will be accelerated with the anticipated ruling by the Michigan Supreme Court regarding whether a judge or jury gets to decide which prisoners can receive life without parole sentences. The court ruling is expected to be made before July.

Sentencing courts exercised the rule of law to sentence over 360 juveniles to death-by-incarceration sentences decades ago. It is now time that they enforce the rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court governing juvenile lifer resentencing hearings with the same vigor moving forward when revisiting these cases. They can acknowledge the stern rebuke of the nation's high court to do the right thing and simultaneously correct the double jeopardy issues which have compounded the miscarriages of justice that have occurred.

Unconstitutional sentences cannot be camouflaged to appear as anything other than they truly are: misapplications or violations of the law. They remain unconstitutional until they are remedied in full and brought in line with U.S. Supreme Court rulings and established law of this state. In the words of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., "Justice delayed is justice denied."

Friday, December 22, 2017

Federal Court Strikes Down Portion of Mich. Juvenile Lifer Law

by Efren Paredes, Jr.

The U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals (COA) recently made an important ruling on behalf of Michigan prisoners who received mandatory life without parole (LWOP) sentences when they were juveniles ("juvenile lifers").

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2012 that mandatory LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders are unconstitutional. The high court subsequently issued another opinion in 2016 which made their 2012 ruling retroactive and applicable to all 2,500 prisoners in the nation serving the draconian sentence. 

The recent U.S. Sixth COA ruling states that these prisoners will now be required to receive good time and/or disciplinary credits depending on the year of their conviction. This will change when they become eligible to pursue a meaningful opportunity for parole consideration based on positive behavior.

Juvenile lifers are also now eligible to participate in rehabilitative programming that they have been denied for decades. Previous to the court's ruling prisoners serving shorter sentences have been provided an array of programs that juvenile lifers have been denied.

The programs they will now become eligible for include Violence Prevention Program, Cage Your Rage, Thinking 4 Change, vocational trades, etc. The new court ruling ends these discriminatory practices and recognizes the right of juvenile lifers to equal protection.

The U.S. Sixth Circuit COA ruled against the issue raised by attorneys representing juvenile lifers seeking a categorical ban on imposing LWOP sentences on juvenile offenders on procedural grounds.

It is an issue that will persistently be raised in the U.S. Supreme Court by attorneys representing juvenile lifers from various states until a total ban is granted and the issue is finally resolved. Attorneys have already begun petitioning the high court seeking the ban and more are preparing to do so.

While the recent U.S. Sixth Circuit COA ruling is not a panacea to unravel all the juvenile lifer legal challenges before them it is a major decision that will have a profound impact on re-shaping the contours of Michigan criminal justice reform relating to juvenile offenders.

The U.S. Sixth Circuit COA ordered Judge John Corbett O'Meara of the U.S. District Court in the Eastern District of Michigan to expeditiously resolve the matter consistent with the court's ruling. Judge O'Meara will now draft a court order specifying the details of what the State of Michigan must do to comply with the appellate court ruling as early as this month.

The Michigan legislature will also be required to revise MCL 769.25 to reflect the changes made by the U.S. Sixth Circuit COA as well. When they do it would be wise to also do two additional things that would make the sentencing process more reasonable, conserve valuable time and state employee resources, and save taxpayers millions of dollars when resentencing the remaining 260 juvenile lifers.

First, it should join the 26 other states across the country and the 192 nations of the world who have banned LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders. In the past six years nineteen states have abandoned LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders and the number keeps growing.

The U.S. Supreme Court is likely to categorically ban the practice in the coming year. Our state legislators should stand on the right side of history now rather than be compelled to make the right decision later. Remaining obstinate and tone deaf to this issue will burden taxpayers with millions more dollars in wasteful spending for repeating hundreds of resentencing hearings.

It would also force victim families to continue down the painful road of reopening wounds and revisiting tragedies in their lives through unnecessary court hearings and appeals. Many of these families have been trying to move on with their lives without exacerbating their pain and being encumbered with decades of court hearings and appeals.

Second, the legislature should revise the sentencing guidelines for juvenile lifer term-of-year sentences from a 25- to 40-year minimum to a 15- to 30-year minimum. They should also revise the currently allowed maximum term-of-years from 60 years to a maximum of 40 years.

If the 60-year maximum term is not reduced there will be additional years of protracted costly court battles asking courts to rule that 60 years is a veritable death sentence since it exceeds the life span of the average juvenile lifer. Other states have already ruled that such sentences are inordinate and deemed cruel and unusual punishment.

Alternatively, the legislature can convert the sentences of the remaining 260 juvenile lifers awaiting resentencing hearings to sentences of 15-year minimums to 40-year maximums all at once. It would save the state millions of dollars for resentencing hearings.


Since nearly all the juvenile lifers are indigent all court expenses including attorney fees, expert witnesses, etc., will be paid for by taxpayer dollars. Conservative estimates place the price tag around $26 million to pay the fees for the 260 prisoners still awaiting resentencing.

This move alone would not release a single prisoner. It would only give the Parole Board jurisdiction to begin reviewing their cases for release consideration annually after they have served a minimum of 15 years. The Parole Board would utilize their wealth of resources to decide when the prisoners merit release based on their conduct just as they do for over 10,000 other prisoners they safely release annually.

The Parole Board will not release prisoners until they are satisfied they pose no risk or danger to public safety. In fact, the Parole Board could keep juvenile lifers incarcerated for up to 40 years under this sentencing scheme if the Parole Board is not comfortable releasing them until that time. By then most juvenile lifers would range in age between 55- and 57-years old after being behind bars since their mid-teens.

If we are to illogically believe that juvenile offenders are not capable of change, by that same standard we will have to believe no adult is capable of change and deserves a second chance either. After all, each adult who receives a second chance in life was once a teenager.

Michigan should become a leader in criminal justice reform rather than lag behind other states. We cannot lead from behind. We are being looked upon with shame and disappointment for our woefully failing record of human rights abuses against juveniles, the poor, and people of color.

It is a stain we can begin to slowly wash away by making decisions that respect the concept of redemption and inherent dignity of youthful offenders.

(Efren Paredes, Jr. is a blogger and social justice activist who appears as a weekly guest on Detroit Superstation 910 AM. You can learn more about Efren at www.fb.com/Free.Efren and www.4Efren.blogspot.com.)

Wednesday, September 13, 2017

Cases Seek U.S. S.Ct. Ban on Life Without Parole Sentences for Youth


by Efren Paredes, Jr.

Attorneys for an Idaho prisoner recently petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court seeking a national ban on life without parole (LWOP) sentences for juvenile offenders. The U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals will also hear oral arguments September 13, 2017 in Hill v. Snyder, a Michigan case seeking the same ban, among other issues.

These appeals are proceeding while several Michigan prosecutors continue delaying resentencing hearings for dozens of prisoners who received LWOP sentences when they were juveniles ("juvenile lifers"). Many of the prisoners have languished behind bars for decades as 192 civilized nations in the world have abandoned the pernicious practice of condemning juveniles to die in prison.

In 2012 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that mandatory LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders are unconstitutional and ordered the resentencing of the nation's 2,500 prisoners affected by the ruling. Prosecutors from several states ignored the landmark decision, including Michigan, claiming that it was not retroactive and did not apply to cases that had previously exhausted the direct appeal process.

The high court subsequently settled the issue in 2016 making it abundantly clear that its previous ruling four years earlier is indeed retroactive. The court added that upon resentencing juvenile lifers, only prisoners who a sentencing court could establish are "incapable of change" the remainder of their lives can receive LWOP sentences, and that the extreme sentence must become "rare" and "uncommon."

Michigan is home to the second largest population of juvenile lifers in the nation. Prior to 2016 there were 363 prisoners serving the draconian sentence. Seventy percent of them are people of color; a portrait of savage inequality. Since the 2012 U.S. Supreme Court ruling only 91 prisoners have been resentenced. Six prisoners died during the four year wait and never had the opportunity to be resentenced or given serious parole consideration.

Prosecutors across the state are seeking LWOP sentences again for 247 juvenile lifers, or 68% of them, in defiance of the high court ruling. Prosecutors from the counties of Berrien, Gennesee, Macomb, Oakland, Saginaw, and Wayne are responsible for seeking LWOP sentences for over 100 of those prisoners.

In their August 10, 2017 Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court attorneys for Idaho juvenile lifer Sarah Marie Johnson argue that states are rapidly prohibiting juvenile LWOP sentences. They note that nineteen states and the District of Columbia currently prohibit juvenile LWOP sentences.

Prior to the high court's 2012 decision banning mandatory juvenile LWOP sentences only four states prohibited the practice. In 20 states every juvenile offender has a meaningful opportunity to demonstrate to a parole board or judge that s/he has rehabilitated themself in prison and should be eligible for release consideration.

In addition to the 20 jurisdictions that have formally abandoned juvenile LWOP sentencing six states have no individuals serving juvenile LWOP sentences. Seven more states have five or fewer individuals serving the draconian sentence. According to the Johnson brief, "In total, 33 jurisdictions are either abolitionist, or functionally so."

Earlier this year the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held, "For a sentence of [LWOP] to be proportional as applied to a juvenile murderer, the sentencing court must first find, based on competent evidence, that the offender is entirely unable to change."

They added, "It must find that there is no possibility that the offender could be rehabilitated at any point later in his life, no matter how much time he spends in prison and regardless of the amount of therapeutic interventions he receives, and that the crime committed reflects the juveniles true and unchangeable personality and character." (Commonwealth v. Batts, No. 45 MAP 2016, 2017 WL 2735411 (Pa. June 26, 2017))

The Johnson petition to the high court argues that, "While most jurisdictions are following the letter and spirit of this court's juvenile jurisprudence, a handful persists in pursuing the harshest penalties against large numbers of juvenile offenders." They specifically characterized Michigan and Louisiana as being among "a handful of extreme outliers that are flouting the [U.S. Supreme] Court's dictate to limit JLWOP to the rare juvenile offender."

In other words, the abuse of authority and other malfeasance of Michigan's rogue prosecutors is being used as examples by other states to convince the U.S. Supreme Court to end the deplorable practice of sentencing juveniles to die in prison.

Johnson's attorneys have to establish that either the national trend supports that sentencing juveniles to die in prison is no longer acceptable among most states or that the standards of decency regarding this matter have evolved. As they state:

"A substantial majority of states have abandoned JLWOP in law and practice, and others have acted to narrow its application. Today, the use of JLWOP is carried on by a handful of prosecutors in a shrinking number of counties and states. ... [S]entencing children to die in prison is cruel and unusual [which violates the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution]."

If the U.S. Supreme Court accepts the Johnson petition numerous other supporting amicus (i.e., friend of the court) briefs are likely to be filed from various groups and organizations across the country. This frequently occurs in cases that could impact many states or people, or become a landmark decision.

A favorable ruling by the high court would result in a national ban of LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders. Prosecutors who have created inordinate sentencing delays for juvenile lifers who have not yet been resentenced would be precluded from seeking LWOP sentences against them again and any prisoner currently serving the sentence would be eligible for a term-of-year sentence. 

Many people contend that prosecutors intentionally orchestrated creating the conditions for the U.S. Supreme Court to issue a categorical ban on LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders. Doing so would save them time and resources by making it unnecessary to conduct legitimate reviews of each individual case, and deciding whether or not prisoners in their jurisdictions are truly eligible for a LWOP sentence.

According to a source employed in the Oakland County Prosecutor's Office who asked not to be named, "Prosecutors always say it's about victims but it's not. They use victims to advance their tough on crime policy but ignore them when it can make them appear soft on crime."

The person added, "There are instances where victims have forgiven perpetrators, believe in giving them a second chance, or a reduction in time, and prosecutors ignore their wishes. Ultimately this is about prosecutors protecting their jobs and salvaging their reputations."

While this cruel drama has played out prosecutors have vociferously demonized juvenile offenders and expressed their obsession with pursuing LWOP sentences again when resentencing juvenile lifers. They know the nation is on the cusp of ending the deplorable practice once and for all. Despite this reality they continue manipulating the public and media in their relentless thirst for reelection.

Whatever the motivations of these prosecutors, the winding labrynth of justice the public is witnessing juvenile lifers be subjected to is but one chilling example that demonstrates why the U.S. Supreme Court provides a checks and balances to lower courts, judges, prosecutors, and legislatures.

Absent their oversight some would continue ignoring the evolving standards of decency of a civilized society, and leave us trapped in the tombs of yesterday's thinking. Thankfully the high court has frequently reminded us through its rulings that we can't always use antiquated approaches to solve modern day problems.

The consensus among many of the nation's legal scholars is that in the coming months the U.S. Supreme Court will very likely strike down the imposition of LWOP sentences for juvenile offenders nationwide. If a favorable decision isn't reached in the Idaho case the likelihood it will occur in a similar case is growing increasingly high each day.

Defiant prosecutors have made it possible.

(Efren Paredes, Jr. is a Michigan prisoner who is a social justice advocate, blogger and weekly guest on the Elena Herrada Show on Detroit Superstation AM 910 Sunday mornings during the 7 am to 8 am hour. You can learn more about Efren and his latest writings by visiting www.fb.com/Free.Efren or www.TinyURL.com/Efren1016.)